![]() J Physiol 556(Pt 1):267–282ĭ’Avella A, Portone A, Fernandez L, Lacquaniti F (2006) Control of fast-reaching movements by muscle synergy combinations. Ivanenko YP, Poppele RE, Lacquaniti F (2004) Five basic muscle activation patterns account for muscle activity during human locomotion. Krishnamoorthy V, Goodman S, Zatsiorsky V, Latash ML (2003) Muscle synergies during shifts of the center of pressure by standing persons: identification of muscle modes. Torres-Oviedo G, Macpherson JM, Ting LH (2006) Muscle synergy organization is robust across a variety of postural perturbations. Hart CB, Giszter SF (2004) Modular premotor drives and unit bursts as primitives for frog motor behaviors. We performed a further analysis to verify that the muscle synergies (in terms of muscle synergy vectors or synergy activation coefficients) extracted for. CNS organizes so many degrees of freedom together with the redundancy of actuators of the musculoskeletal system 1. Tresch MC, Saltiel P, Bizzi E (1999) The construction of movement by the spinal cord. Introduction One of the oldest questions in human motor control studies is how the CNS manages the activity of involved muscles. Cereb Cortex 17(4):803–815ĭ’Avella A, Saltiel P, Bizzi E (2003) Combinations of muscle synergies in the construction of a natural motor behavior. (b) Line graphs express five types of activation coefficients of muscle synergies. Klein Breteler MD, Simura KJ, Flanders M (2007) Timing of muscle activation in a hand movement sequence. Tresch MC, Cheung VC, d’Avella A (2006) Matrix factorization algorithms for the identification of muscle synergies: evaluation on simulated and experimental data sets. Our analysis of the synergies’ temporal coefficients suggests that muscle-synergy merging may result from reassigning the W’s of multiple synergies to an oscillator that drives one of the. Results also show that people controlled the activation coefficient of each synergy differently during all motions. ![]()
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